English Commentary Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa can be understood only by the process of undivided devotional service. He explicitly explains this in this verse so that unauthorized commentators, who try to understand Bhagavad-g─лt─Б by the speculative process, will know that they are simply wasting their time. No one can understand Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa or how He came from parents in a four-handed form and at once changed Himself into a two-handed form. These things are very difficult to understand by study of the Vedas or by philosophical speculation. Therefore it is clearly stated here that no one can see Him or enter into understanding of these matters. Those who, however, are very experienced students of Vedic literature can learn about Him from the Vedic literature in so many ways. There are so many rules and regulations, and if one at all wants to understand Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa, he must follow the regulative principles described in the authoritative literature. One can perform penance in accordance with those principles. For example, to undergo serious penances one may observe fasting on Janm─Бс╣гс╣нam─л, the day on which Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa appeared, and on the two days of Ek─Бda┼Ы─л (the eleventh day after the new moon and the eleventh day after the full moon). As far as charity is concerned, it is plain that charity should be given to the devotees of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa who are engaged in His devotional service to spread the Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa philosophy, or Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa consciousness, throughout the world. Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa consciousness is a benediction to humanity. Lord Caitanya was appreciated by R┼лpa Gosv─Бm─л as the most munificent man of charity because love of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa, which is very difficult to achieve, was distributed freely by Him. So if one gives some amount of his money to persons involved in distributing Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa consciousness, that charity, given to spread Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa consciousness, is the greatest charity in the world. And if one worships as prescribed in the temple (in the temples in India there is always some statue, usually of Viс╣гс╣Зu or Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa), that is a chance to progress by offering worship and respect to the Supreme Personality of Godhead. For the beginners in devotional service to the Lord, temple worship is essential, and this is confirmed in the Vedic literature ( ┼Ъvet─Б┼Ыvatara Upaniс╣гad 6.23): yasya deve par─Б bhaktir yath─Б deve tath─Б gurau tasyaite kathit─Б hy arth─Бс╕е prak─Б┼Ыante mah─Бtmanaс╕е One who has unflinching devotion for the Supreme Lord and is directed by the spiritual master, in whom he has similar unflinching faith, can see the Supreme Personality of Godhead by revelation. One cannot understand Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa by mental speculation. For one who does not take personal training under the guidance of a bona fide spiritual master, it is impossible to even begin to understand Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa. The word tu is specifically used here to indicate that no other process can be used, can be recommended, or can be successful in understanding Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa. The personal forms of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa, the two-handed form and the four-handed, are described as su-durdar┼Ыam , very difficult to see. They are completely different from the temporary universal form shown to Arjuna. The four-handed form of N─Бr─Бyaс╣Зa and the two-handed form of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa are eternal and transcendental, whereas the universal form exhibited to Arjuna is temporary. The words tvad anyena na dс╣Ыс╣гс╣нa-p┼лrvam (verse 47) state that before Arjuna, no one had seen that universal form. Also, they suggest that amongst the devotees there was no necessity of showing it. That form was exhibited by Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa at the request of Arjuna so that in the future, when one represents himself as an incarnation of God, people can ask to see his universal form. The word na, used repeatedly in the previous verse, indicates that one should not be very much proud of such credentials as an academic education in Vedic literature. One must take to the devotional service of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa. Only then can one attempt to write commentaries on Bhagavad-g─лt─Б . Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa changes from the universal form to the four-handed form of N─Бr─Бyaс╣Зa and then to His own natural form of two hands. This indicates that the four-handed forms and other forms mentioned in Vedic literature are all emanations of the original two-handed Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa. He is the origin of all emanations. Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa is distinct even from these forms, what to speak of the impersonal conception. As far as the four-handed forms of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa are concerned, it is stated clearly that even the most identical four-handed form of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa (which is known as Mah─Б-viс╣гс╣Зu, who is lying on the cosmic ocean and from whose breathing so many innumerable universes are passing out and entering) is also an expansion of the Supreme Lord. As stated in the Brahma-saс╣Бhit─Б (5.48), yasyaika-ni┼Ыvasita-k─Бlam ath─Бvalambya j─лvanti loma-vila-j─Б jagad-aс╣Зс╕Нa-n─Бth─Бс╕е viс╣гс╣Зur mah─Бn sa iha yasya kal─Б-vi┼Ыeс╣гo govindam ─Бdi-puruс╣гaс╣Б tam ahaс╣Б bhaj─Бmi тАЬThe Mah─Б-viс╣гс╣Зu, into whom all the innumerable universes enter and from whom they come forth again simply by His breathing process, is a plenary expansion of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa. Therefore I worship Govinda, Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa, the cause of all causes.тАЭ Therefore one should conclusively worship the personal form of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa as the Supreme Personality of Godhead who has eternal bliss and knowledge. He is the source of all forms of Viс╣гс╣Зu, He is the source of all forms of incarnation, and He is the original Supreme Personality, as confirmed in Bhagavad-g─лt─Б . In the Vedic literature ( Gop─Бla-t─Бpan─л Upaniс╣гad 1.1) the following statement appears: sac-cid-─Бnanda-r┼лp─Бya kс╣Ыс╣гс╣З─Бy─Бkliс╣гс╣нa-k─Бriс╣Зe namo ved─Бnta-vedy─Бya gurave buddhi-s─Бkс╣гiс╣Зe тАЬI offer my respectful obeisances unto Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa, who has a transcendental form of bliss, eternity and knowledge. I offer my respect to Him, because understanding Him means understanding the Vedas, and He is therefore the supreme spiritual master.тАЭ Then it is said, kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зo vai paramaс╣Б daivatam: тАЬKс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead.тАЭ ( Gop─Бla-t─Бpan─л Upaniс╣гad 1.3) Eko va┼Ы─л sarva-gaс╕е kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa ─лс╕Нyaс╕е: тАЬThat one Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and He is worshipable.тАЭ Eko тАЩpi san bahudh─Б yo тАЩvabh─Бti: тАЬKс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa is one, but He is manifested in unlimited forms and expanded incarnations.тАЭ ( Gop─Бla-t─Бpan─л Upaniс╣гad 1.21) The Brahma-saс╣Бhit─Б (5.1) says, ─л┼Ыvaraс╕е paramaс╕е kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зaс╕е sac-cid-─Бnanda-vigrahaс╕е an─Бdir ─Бdir govindaс╕е sarva-k─Бraс╣Зa-k─Бraс╣Зam тАЬThe Supreme Personality of Godhead is Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa, who has a body of eternity, knowledge and bliss. He has no beginning, for He is the beginning of everything. He is the cause of all causes.тАЭ Elsewhere it is said, yatr─Бvat─лrс╣Зaс╣Б kс╣Ыс╣гс╣З─Бkhyaс╣Б paraс╣Б brahma nar─Бkс╣Ыti: тАЬThe Supreme Absolute Truth is a person, His name is Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa, and He sometimes descends on this earth.тАЭ Similarly, in the ┼Ъr─лmad-Bh─Бgavatam we find a description of all kinds of incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and in this list the name of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa also appears. But then it is said that this Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa is not an incarnation of God but is the original Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself ( ete c─Бс╣Б┼Ыa-kal─Бс╕е puс╣Бsaс╕е kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зas tu bhagav─Бn svayam ). Similarly, in Bhagavad-g─лt─Б the Lord says, mattaс╕е parataraс╣Б n─Бnyat: тАЬThere is nothing superior to My form as the Personality of Godhead Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa.тАЭ He also says elsewhere in Bhagavad-g─лt─Б , aham ─Бdir hi dev─Бn─Бm: тАЬI am the origin of all the demigods.тАЭ And after understanding Bhagavad-g─лt─Б from Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa, Arjuna also confirms this in the following words: paraс╣Б brahma paraс╣Б dh─Бma pavitraс╣Б paramaс╣Б bhav─Бn, тАЬI now fully understand that You are the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Absolute Truth, and that You are the refuge of everything.тАЭ Therefore the universal form which Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa showed to Arjuna is not the original form of God. The original is the Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa form. The universal form, with its thousands and thousands of heads and hands, is manifest just to draw the attention of those who have no love for God. It is not GodтАЩs original form. The universal form is not attractive for pure devotees, who are in love with the Lord in different transcendental relationships. The Supreme Godhead exchanges transcendental love in His original form of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa. Therefore to Arjuna, who was so intimately related with Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa in friendship, this form of the universal manifestation was not pleasing; rather, it was fearful. Arjuna, who was a constant companion of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣ЗaтАЩs, must have had transcendental eyes; he was not an ordinary man. Therefore he was not captivated by the universal form. This form may seem wonderful to persons who are involved in elevating themselves by fruitive activities, but to persons who are engaged in devotional service the two-handed form of Kс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зa is the most dear.