Commentaries from the Gurus

Chapter 1 • Verse 33

⬅ সূচী পত্র 📖 Go Back to Chapter

येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च | त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ||१-३३||

yeṣāmarthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca . ta ime.avasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṃstyaktvā dhanāni ca ||1-33||

Expert Commentaries

🎙️ Swami Tejomayananda

Hindi Translation

।।1.33।।हमें जिनके लिये राज्य, भोग और सुखादि की इच्छा है, वे ही लोग धन और जीवन की आशा को त्यागकर युद्ध में खड़े हैं।

🎙️ Swami Sivananda

English Translation

1.33. Those for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyments and pleasures,
stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth.

English Commentary

1.33 येषाम् of whose? अर्थे sake? काङ्क्षितम् (is) desired? नः by us? राज्यम् kingdom? भोगाः enjoyment? सुखानि pleasures? च and? ते they? इमे these? अवस्थिताः stand? युद्धे in battle? प्राणान् life? त्यक्त्वा having abandoned? धनानि wealth? च and.No Commentary.

🎙️ Shri Purohit Swami

English Translation

1.33 When those for whose sake I desire these things stand here about to sacrifice their property and their lives:

🎙️ Swami Chinmayananda

Hindi Commentary

।।1.33।। No commentary.

🎙️ Dr.S.Sankaranarayan

English Translation

1.33. [These are our] teachers, fathers, sons and also paternal grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, son's sons, wives' brothers, and (other) relatives.

🎙️ Swami Adidevananda

English Translation

1.33 Those for whose sake we do desire empire, enjoyment and pleasures, stand here in war renouncing life and wealth----

🎙️ Swami Gambirananda

English Translation

1.32 1.34 O Govinda! What need do we have of a kingdom, or what (need) of enjoyments and livelihood? Those for whom kingdom, enjoyments and pleasures ae desired by us, viz teachers, uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law as also relatives-those very ones stand arrayed for battle risking their lives and wealth.

🎙️ Sri Madhavacharya

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.33।।Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.11.

🎙️ Sri Anandgiri

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.33।।तानेव विशिनष्टि आचार्या इति।

🎙️ Swami Ramsukhdas

Hindi Translation

।।1.33।। जिनके लिये हमारी राज्य, भोग और सुखकी इच्छा है, वे ही ये सब अपने प्राणों की और धन की आशा का त्याग करके युद्ध में खड़े हैं।

Hindi Commentary

।।1.33।। व्याख्या--'येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च'--हम राज्य, सुख, भोग आदि जो कुछ चाहते हैं, उनको अपने व्यक्तिगत सुखके लिये नहीं चाहते, प्रत्युत इन कुटुम्बियों, प्रेमियों, मित्रों आदिके लिये ही चाहते हैं। आचार्यों, पिताओं, पितामहों, पुत्रों आदिको सुख-आराम पहुँचे, इनकी सेवा हो जाय, ये प्रसन्न रहें--इसके लिये ही हम युद्ध करके राज्य लेना चाहते हैं, भोग-सामग्री इकट्ठी करना चाहते हैं।
'त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च'--पर वे ही ये सब-के-सब अपने प्राणोंकी और धनकी आशाको छोड़कर युद्ध करनेके लिये हमारे सामने इस रणभूमिमें खड़े हैं। इन्होंने ऐसा विचार कर लिया है कि हमें न प्राणोंका मोह है और न धनकी तृष्णा है; हम मर बेशक जायँ, पर युद्धसे नहीं हटेंगे। अगर ये सब मर ही जायँगे, हमें राज्य किसके लिये चाहिये? सुख किसके लिये चाहिये धन किसके लिये चाहिये? अर्थात् इन सबकी इच्छा हम किसके लिये करें?
'प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च' का तात्पर्य है कि वे प्राणोंकी और धनकी आशाका त्याग करके खड़े हैं अर्थात् हम जीवित रहेंगे और हमें धन मिलेगा--इस इच्छाको छोड़कर वे खड़े हैं। अगर उनमें प्राणोंकी और धनकी इच्छा होती, तो वे मरनेके लिये युद्धमें क्यों खड़े होते? अतः यहाँ प्राण और धनका त्याग करनेका तात्पर्य उनकी आशाका त्याग करनेमें ही है।सम्बन्ध-- जिनके लिये हम राज्य, भोग और सुख चाहते हैं, वे लोग कौन हैं--इसका वर्णन अर्जुन आगेके दो श्लोकोंमें करते हैं।

🎙️ Sri Ramanuja

English Translation

1.26 - 1.47 Arjuna said - Sanjaya said Sanjaya continued: The high-minded Arjuna, extremely kind, deeply friendly, and supremely righteous, having brothers like himself, though repeatedly deceived by the treacherous attempts of your people like burning in the lac-house etc., and therefore fit to be killed by him with the help of the Supreme Person, nevertheless said, 'I will not fight.' He felt weak, overcome as he was by his love and extreme compassion for his relatives. He was also filled with fear, not knowing what was righteous and what unrighteous. His mind was tortured by grief, because of the thought of future separation from his relations. So he threw away his bow and arrow and sat on the chariot as if to fast to death.

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.33।।अर्जुन उवाच संजय उवाच स तु पार्थो महामनाः परमकारुणिको दीर्घबन्धुः परमधार्मिकः सभ्रातृको भवद्भिः अतिघोरैः मारणैः जतुगृहादिभिः असकृद् वञ्चितः अपि परमपुरुषसहायः अपि हनिष्यमाणान् भवदीयान् विलोक्य बन्धुस्नेहेन परमया च कृपया धर्माधर्मभयेन च अतिमात्रस्विन्नसर्वगात्रः सर्वथा अहं न योत्स्यामि इति उक्त्वा बन्धुविश्लेषजनितशोकसंविग्नमानसः सशरं चापं विसृज्य रथोपस्थे उपाविशत्।

🎙️ Sri Abhinav Gupta

English Translation

1.30 1.34 Na ca sreyah, etc., upto mahikrte. Those who are wrongly conceived as object of slaying, with the individualizing idea that 'these are my teachers etc.'8 would necessarily generate sin. Similarly, the act of slaying even of those deserving to be slain in the battle-if undertaken with the idea that 'This battle is to be fought for the apparent results like pleasures, happiness etc.'- then it generates sin necessarily. This idea lurks in the objection [of Arjuna]. That is why a reply is going to be given [by Bhagavat] as 'You must undertake actions simply as your own duty, and not with an individualizing idea'.

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.30 1.34।।न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामीत्यादि। अमी आचार्यदयः इति विशेषबुद्ध्या ( N शेषबुद्ध्या) बुद्धौ आरोप्यमाणाः वधकर्मतया अवश्यं पापदायिनः। तथा भोगसुखादिदृष्टार्थमेतद्युद्धं क्रियते इति बुद्ध्या क्रियमाणं युद्धे (S युद्धेषु वध्य K युद्धेष्ववध्य ) वध्यहननादि तदवश्यं पातककारि इति पूर्वपक्षाभिप्रायः। अत एव स्वधर्ममात्रतयैव कर्माणि अनुतिष्ठ न विशेषधियेति उत्तरं दास्यते।

🎙️ Sri Shankaracharya

English Translation

1.33 Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.

Hindi Translation

।।1.33।।Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka.

Sanskrit Commentary

1.33 Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.

🎙️ Sri Jayatritha

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.33।।Sri Jayatirtha did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.11.

🎙️ Sri Vallabhacharya

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.31 1.33।।Sri Vallabhacharya did not comment on this sloka.

🎙️ Sri Madhusudan Saraswati

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.33।।प्राणधनशब्दौ तु तदाशालक्षकौ। स्वप्राणत्यागेऽपि स्वबन्धूनामुपभोगाय धनाशा संभवेदिति तद्वारणाय पृथग्धनग्रहणम्।

🎙️ Sri Sridhara Swami

Sanskrit Commentary

।। 1.33 विजयादिकं फलं किं न पश्यसीति चेत्तत्राह न काङ्क्ष इति। एतदेव प्रपञ्चयति किं न इति सार्धाभ्याम्। यदर्थमस्माकं राज्यादिकमपेक्षितं त एते प्राणधनानि त्यक्त्वा त्यागमङ्गीकृत्य युद्धार्थमवस्थिताः। अतः किमस्माकं राज्यादिभिः कृत्यमित्यर्थः।

🎙️ Sri Dhanpati

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.33।।येषां स्वीयानामर्थे नो राज्यं भोगसाधनमाकाङ्क्षितमभिलषितं भोगाः सुखसाधनानि सुखानि य येषामर्थे आकाङ्क्षितानि त इमे प्रत्यक्षेणोपलभ्यमानाः प्राणान्धनानि च त्यक्त्वा युद्धेऽवस्थिताः। त्यक्तुमिति वक्तव्ये त्यक्त्वेति क्त्वाप्रत्ययेन प्राणादित्यागसाधने समरे प्रवृत्ते तत्त्यक्तुमवस्थिता अपि तत्प्रेमातिशयात्पलाय्य गमिष्यन्तीति शङ्का न कर्तव्येति सूचयति।

🎙️ Vedantadeshikacharya Venkatanatha

Sanskrit Commentary

।। 1.33।।No commentary.

🎙️ Sri Purushottamji

Sanskrit Commentary

।।1.33।।ननु तवैकस्य नाकांक्षा तथापि स्वकीयसम्बन्धिनां सर्वेषामर्थे शत्रून्मारयित्वा राज्यं स्वकीयं कुर्वित्याशङ्कायामाह येषामर्थ इति। येषामर्थे नः राज्यमाकाङ्क्षितं भोगाः सुखानि च कांक्षितानि ते सर्व इमे प्राणान् धनानि च त्यक्त्वा युद्धे सङ्ग्रामे मर() णार्थमवस्थिता इत्यर्थः। तस्मादेतन्मारणेन लौकिकसिद्धिरपि नास्माकमिति भावः।

🎙️ Sri Neelkanth

Sanskrit Commentary

।। 1.33निमित्तानि लोकक्षयकराणि भूमिकम्पादीनि।

🎙️ A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada

English Translation

when all those for whom we may desire them are now arrayed on this battlefield?

English Commentary

Arjuna has addressed Lord Kṛṣṇa as Govinda because Kṛṣṇa is the object of all pleasures for cows and the senses. By using this significant word, Arjuna indicates that Kṛṣṇa should understand what will satisfy Arjuna’s senses. But Govinda is not meant for satisfying our senses. If we try to satisfy the senses of Govinda, however, then automatically our own senses are satisfied. Materially, everyone wants to satisfy his senses, and he wants God to be the order supplier for such satisfaction. The Lord will satisfy the senses of the living entities as much as they deserve, but not to the extent that they may covet. But when one takes the opposite way – namely, when one tries to satisfy the senses of Govinda without desiring to satisfy one’s own senses – then by the grace of Govinda all desires of the living entity are satisfied. Arjuna’s deep affection for community and family members is exhibited here partly due to his natural compassion for them. He is therefore not prepared to fight. Everyone wants to show his opulence to friends and relatives, but Arjuna fears that all his relatives and friends will be killed on the battlefield and he will be unable to share his opulence after victory. This is a typical calculation of material life. The transcendental life, however, is different. Since a devotee wants to satisfy the desires of the Lord, he can, Lord willing, accept all kinds of opulence for the service of the Lord, and if the Lord is not willing, he should not accept a farthing. Arjuna did not want to kill his relatives, and if there were any need to kill them, he desired that Kṛṣṇa kill them personally. At this point he did not know that Kṛṣṇa had already killed them before their coming into the battlefield and that he was only to become an instrument for Kṛṣṇa. This fact is disclosed in following chapters. As a natural devotee of the Lord, Arjuna did not like to retaliate against his miscreant cousins and brothers, but it was the Lord’s plan that they should all be killed. The devotee of the Lord does not retaliate against the wrongdoer, but the Lord does not tolerate any mischief done to the devotee by the miscreants. The Lord can excuse a person on His own account, but He excuses no one who has done harm to His devotees. Therefore the Lord was determined to kill the miscreants, although Arjuna wanted to excuse them.